Muaj ntau ntau hom transmembrane peptides, thiab lawv cov kev faib tawm yog nyob ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, cov peev txheej, kev noj cov khoom noj, thiab kev siv biomedical.Raws li lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub zog, membrane penetrating peptides tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom: cationic, amphiphilic thiab hydrophobic.Cationic thiab amphiphilic membrane penetrating peptides account rau 85%, thaum hydrophobic membrane penetrating peptides account tsuas yog 15%.
1. Cationic membrane penetrating peptide
Cationic transmembrane peptides yog tsim los ntawm luv peptides nplua nuj nyob rau hauv arginine, lysine, thiab histidine, xws li TAT, Penetratin, Polyarginine, P22N, DPV3 thiab DPV6.Ntawm lawv, arginine muaj guanidine, uas tuaj yeem hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov pab pawg tsis zoo phosphoric acid ntawm cov cell membrane thiab kho cov transmembrane peptides rau hauv daim nyias nyias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm physiological PH nqi.Kev tshawb fawb ntawm oligarginine (los ntawm 3 R txog 12 R) pom tau hais tias lub peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias tsuas yog ua tiav thaum tus nqi ntawm arginine qis li 8, thiab lub peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias maj mam nce nrog qhov nce ntawm arginine.Lysine, txawm hais tias cationic zoo li arginine, tsis muaj guanidine, yog li thaum nws nyob ib leeg, nws qhov kev nkag mus rau hauv cov membrane tsis siab heev.Futaki et al.(2001) pom tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuas yog thaum cov cationic cell membrane nkag mus rau peptide muaj tsawg kawg yog 8 qhov txiaj ntsig zoo amino acids.Txawm hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo amino acid residues yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag mus rau peptides kom nkag mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias, lwm cov amino acids tseem ceeb sib npaug, xws li thaum W14 hloov mus rau hauv F, kev nkag mus ntawm Penetratin poob.
Ib chav tshwj xeeb ntawm cationic transmembrane peptides yog nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), uas muaj luv peptides nplua nuj nyob rau hauv arginine, lysine thiab proline thiab tuaj yeem thauj mus rau lub nucleus los ntawm nuclear pore complex.NLSs tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib zaug thiab ob zaug ntaus ntawv, suav nrog ib thiab ob pawg ntawm cov amino acids yooj yim, feem.Piv txwv li, PKKKRKV los ntawm simian virus 40 (SV40) yog ib qho kev ntaus NLS, thaum cov protein ntau yog ob hom NLS.KRPAATKKAGQAKKKL yog qhov luv luv uas tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv membrane transmembrane.Vim tias feem ntau NLSs muaj tus lej tsawg dua 8, NLSs tsis zoo transmembrane peptides, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo transmembrane peptides thaum covalently txuas rau hydrophobic peptide sequences los tsim amphiphilic transmembrane peptides.
2. Amphiphilic transmembrane peptide
Amphiphilic transmembrane peptides muaj xws li hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic domains, uas yuav muab faib ua thawj amphiphilic, theem nrab α-helical amphiphilic, β-folding amphiphilic thiab prolin-enriched amphiphilic.
Thawj hom amphiphilic hnav daim nyias nyias peptides rau hauv ob pawg, qeb nrog NLSs covalently txuas los ntawm hydrophobic peptide sib lawv liag, xws li MPG (GLAFLGFLGAAGSTMGAWSQPKKKRKV) thiab Pep - 1 (KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKRKV), Ob leeg yog nyob rau hauv cov teeb liab ntawm PKKSV 0 hydrophobic localization. domain ntawm MPG muaj feem xyuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm HIV glycoprotein 41 (GALFLGFLGAAGSTMG A), thiab lub hydrophobic domain ntawm Pep-1 muaj feem xyuam rau cov tryptophan nplua nuj pawg nrog siab membrane affinity (KETWWET WWTEW).Txawm li cas los xij, lub hydrophobic domains ntawm ob qho tib si txuas nrog nuclear localization teeb liab PKKKRKV los ntawm WSQP.Lwm chav kawm ntawm thawj amphiphilic transmembrane peptides raug cais tawm ntawm cov proteins ntuj, xws li pVEC, ARF (1-22) thiab BPrPr (1-28).
Qhov thib ob α-helical amphiphilic transmembrane peptides khi rau daim nyias nyias ntawm α-helices, thiab lawv cov hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic amino acid residues nyob rau ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv helical, xws li MAP (KLALKLALK ALKAALKLA).Rau beta peptide folding hom amphiphilic hnav daim nyias nyias, nws lub peev xwm los tsim ib daim ntawv beta pleated yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws txoj kev nkag mus rau ntawm daim nyias nyias, xws li hauv VT5 (DPKGDPKGVTVTVTVTVTGKGDPKPD) nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb lub peev xwm nkag tau ntawm daim nyias nyias, siv hom D. - amino acid mutation analogues tsis tuaj yeem tsim beta folded daim, lub peev xwm nkag mus ntawm daim nyias nyias yog qhov tsis zoo.Nyob rau hauv proline-enriched amphiphilic transmembrane peptides, polyproline II (PPII) yog yooj yim tsim nyob rau hauv dej ntshiab thaum proline yog heev enriched nyob rau hauv polypeptide qauv.PPII yog sab laug-tes helix nrog 3.0 amino acid residues ib tig, as opposed to the standard right-handed alpha-helix structure with 3.6 amino acid residues per turn.Proline-enriched amphiphilic transmembrane peptides suav nrog bovine antimicrobial peptide 7 (Bac7), hluavtaws polypeptide (PPR) n (n tuaj yeem yog 3, 4, 5 thiab 6), thiab lwm yam.
3. Hydrophobic membrane penetrating peptide
Hydrophobic transmembrane peptides tsuas muaj cov tsis-polar amino acid residues, nrog tus nqi them tsawg dua 20% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov amino acid sib lawv liag, los yog muaj cov hydrophobic moieties los yog cov pab pawg tshuaj uas tseem ceeb rau transmembrane.Txawm hais tias cov cellular transmembrane peptides feem ntau tsis saib xyuas, lawv muaj nyob, xws li fibroblast kev loj hlob (K-FGF) thiab fibroblast kev loj hlob 12 (F-GF12) los ntawm Kaposi's sarcoma.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-19-2023