Heterocyclic compounds yog dav faib nyob rau hauv cov xwm, accounting rau ze li ntawm ib feem peb ntawm cov organic tebchaw paub, thiab yog dav siv.Ntau yam tseem ceeb, xws li chlorophyll, heme, nucleic acids, thiab qee cov tshuaj ntuj thiab hluavtaws uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv tshuaj kho mob, muaj cov qauv ntawm heterocyclic compounds.Alkaloids yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj ntsuab, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nitrogen-muaj cov tshuaj heterocyclic.
"Nyob rau hauv cyclic organic tebchaw, cov atoms uas tsim lub nplhaib hu ua heterocyclic compounds thaum muaj lwm yam uas tsis yog-carbon atoms ntxiv rau carbon atoms."Cov atoms uas tsis yog carbon no hu ua heteroatoms.Feem ntau heteroatoms yog nitrogen, oxygen, thiab sulfur.
Raws li cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, cov tshuaj heterocyclic tshwm sim suav nrog lactone, lactide, thiab cyclic anhydride, thiab lwm yam, tab sis tsis suav nrog cov tshuaj heterocyclic vim tias lawv zoo sib xws rau cov sib txuas qhib-chain sib txuas thiab nquag qhib lub nplhaib los ua. qhib-chain compounds.Daim ntawv no tsom mus rau heterocyclic tebchaw nrog lub nplhaib ruaj khov thiab sib txawv ntawm cov aromaticity.Lub thiaj li hu ua aromatic heterocyclic compounds yog heterocycles uas khaws cov qauv aromatic, uas yog, 6π electron kaw conjugate system.Cov tebchaw no kuj ruaj khov, tsis yooj yim rau qhib lub nplhaib, thiab lawv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li benzene, uas yog, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm aromaticity, yog li lawv hu ua aromatic heterocyclic compounds.
Heterocyclic compounds tuaj yeem muab cais ua ib qho heterocycles lossis tuab heterocycles raws li lawv cov pob txha heterocyclic.Ib qho heterocycles tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib-tus tswv cuab heterocycles thiab rau-tus tswv cuab heterocycles raws li lawv qhov loj me.Cov fused heterocycles tuaj yeem muab faib ua benzene-fused heterocycles thiab fused heterocycles raws li lawv daim ntawv fused nplhaib.Raws li pom hauv daim duab.
Lub nomenclature ntawm heterocyclic tebchaw yog tsuas yog raws li transliteration nyob rau hauv txawv txawv hom lus.Suav transliteration ntawm lus Askiv lub npe ntawm heterocyclic compound tau ntxiv ib sab ntawm lub cim "kou".Piv txwv li:
Post lub sij hawm: Jul-05-2023